FDM

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D printing process in which a thermoplastic material – usually in the form of a filament – is melted in a nozzle and applied in layers. The component is created layer by layer until the desired shape is achieved.

How it works
The filament to be processed is fed from a spool through a heated nozzle where it is liquefied. A movable print head (or a movable print bed) precisely positions the material jet so that each individual layer of the CAD model is applied. After cooling, the plastic solidifies.

Typical materials

• PLA (polylactide): Easy-to-process plastic, often used for prototypes.
• ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene): Robust plastic with higher temperature resistance.
• Nylon, TPU and fibre-reinforced plastics: For special requirements in terms of flexibility or stability.

Fields of application
FDM is often used for prototypes and small series. Functional components such as brackets, housings or devices can also be produced in a relatively short time.

Advantages and disadvantages

• Advantages: Relatively low procurement and material costs, wide range of materials, uncomplicated process.
• Disadvantages: Layer lines are often visible, the surface quality can be rough. The strength is dependent on the material and alignment.